Joe's Jottings

Jottings Number 56, by Joe Podolsky:

From: uunet!HP-PaloAlto-om4.om.hp.com!JOE_PODOLSKY

Date: Fri, 31 May 96 16:43:49 -0700

Subject: The Learning Process

The April 1996 issue of _Quality Progress_ magazine contains an
article titled, "Relearning the Learning Process," by Barbara A.
Cleary.  Dr. Cleary is not only a teacher in Dayton, Ohio, but
she is also Vice President of a company called PQ Systems and a
member of the American Society of Quality Control.

She raises a question that we all wrestle with: "What (are) the
characteristics of environments in which learning (takes)
place?"  She lists these:

*  Lively interaction with others
*  A sense of teamwork
*  An understanding of purpose
*  A passion for learning
*  Immediate feedback
*  Active participation
*  Encouragement for risk taking
*  A sense of connectedness with the task and its meaning
*  A feeling of (mutual, teacher and student) responsibility for
the outcome

How often do we sit quietly in presentations (which are, of
course, learning situations) where the environments are all
these - NOT! - ?  Worse yet, how often do we _give_
presentations like these?

Cleary focuses her article mostly on schools, but the lessons
are for all of us.  Like it or not, we are all still learning,
and most of us are still "facilitating learning" in others.  She
offers this advice:

1.  Offer students choices in what they will learn and how they
will learn it.  Offering choices not only provides a variety of
learning approaches but, more important, gives the students the
opportunity to make decisions, helping them become responsible
for their own education.

2.  Help students evaluate what they have learned.  Cleary
suggests that students ask these questions, in sequence, about
any subject matter:

1.  Did I hear it? 
2.  Do I understand it?
3.  Could I use it?
4.  Could I explain it?
5.  Could I teach it?
6.  Could I grade or evaluate it?

Cleary then suggests applying the Deming (Shewhart) PDSA (PDCA)
model to the planning of educational experiences:

*  Plan
   - Define/describe the learning situation "system"
   - Assess the current situation

*  Do
   - Implement "class" (i.e., the learning experience)

*  Study
   - Evaluate the results (using the six step model above)

*  Act
   - Standardize improvements
   - Plan continuous improvements

As an aside, in classroom situations, Cleary suggests teaching
students to use affinity diagrams, flowcharting, and teamwork
methods to help them better manage their learning through the
PDSA process.

So, how does all this apply to us IT folks?  A few obvious
answers.  We should think about this any time we're giving a
presentation or class.  Given that our expectations are
appropriately raised, we might even (gently) suggest these ideas
to the teachers of classes we attend ourselves.  We might (even
more gently) try to get these ideas into our kids' schools.

Not so obvious, however, is how we use these ideas in our
systems.  Given that our users relate to our systems as though
they were people (see Jottings #52), we might design our systems
to be learning facilitators.  For example, what if, on a random
sample basis, we asked for feedback as a person logs off the
system (and had a process for collecting and learning from the
feedback)?  What if we designed the computer-human interface so
that the users could tailor it to suit themselves?  We can
easily allow for cosmetic variations (as does MS Windows, for
example) such as color or font size.  But we might also allow
the user to vary sequence of entries, choose personal defaults,
customize data edits, etc.  What's important is that we give 
users a sense of involvement, a sense of control.

What examples do you have where these ideas are or are not being
applied?


Joe

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