Wet soil mixing
Technique
Wet soil mixing Wet soil mixing, also known as the deep mixing method, improves the characteristics of weak soils by mechanically mixing them with cementitious binder slurry. Wet soil mixing…
/expertise/techniques/wet-soil-mixing
Mass mixing
Technique
Mass mixing Mass Soil Mixing (MSM), or mass stabilisation, is a ground improvement technique that improves soft or loose soils, by mechanically mixing them with either wet grout or dry cementitious…
/expertise/techniques/mass-mixing
TRD
Technique
TRD Trench cutting and remixing deep (TRD) soil mix walls are mixed-in-place using a specialised vertical cutter post mounted on a base crawler machine. Trench cutting and remixing deep (TRD)…
/expertise/techniques/trd
Soil nails
Technique
Soil nails Soil nailing uses grouted, tension-resisting steel elements (nails) to reinforce in situ soils and creating a gravity retaining wall for permanent or temporary excavation support. Soil…
/expertise/techniques/soil-nails
Compensation / fracture grouting
Technique
Compensation / fracture grouting Compensation or fracture grouting is the injection of a cement slurry grout into the soil creating and filling fractures that then lift the overlying soil and…
/expertise/techniques/compensation-fracture-grouting
Driven cast in-situ piles
Technique
Driven cast in-situ piles Driven cast in-situ (DCIS) piles are constructed by driving a closed-ended hollow steel or concrete casing into the ground and then filling it with concrete. Driven cast in-…
/expertise/techniques/driven-cast-in-situ-piles
Micropile slide stabilisation system
Technique
Micropile slide stabilisation system The micropile slide stabilisation system (MS³) consists of an array of micropiles, working both in tension and compression, that connect as a system using a…
/expertise/techniques/micropile-slide-stabilisation-system
Canopy / umbrella tubes
Technique
Canopy / umbrella tubes Canopy/umbrella tubes (with diameters of 76-168mm) are a support system used in conventional and mechanical tunnel construction in poor soil conditions. Canopy/umbrella tubes…
/expertise/techniques/canopy-umbrella-tubes
CFA piles (auger cast)
Technique
CFA piles (auger cast) Continuous flight auger (CFA) piles are a type of bored cast-in-place replacement pile. Piles are drilled and concreted in one continuous operation enabling much faster…
/expertise/techniques/cfa-piles-auger-cast
Permeation grouting
Technique
Permeation grouting Permeation grouting, also known as cement grouting or pressure grouting, fills cracks or voids in soil and rock and permeates coarse, granular soils with flowable particulate…
/expertise/techniques/permeation-grouting
Vibro compaction
Technique
Vibro compaction Vibro compaction is a ground improvement technique that densifies clean, cohesionless granular soils with a downhole vibrator. It’s a technique first developed by Keller in the 1930s…
/expertise/techniques/vibro-compaction
Vibro stone columns / Vibro replacement
Technique
Vibro stone columns / Vibro replacement This technique involves construction of loadbearing columns made from gravel or crushed stones with a vibrator to reinforce all soils in the treatment zone and…
/expertise/techniques/vibro-stone-columns-vibro-replacement
Instrumentation and monitoring
Technique
Instrumentation and monitoring Keller provides systems and services for monitoring the safety and stability of buildings, excavations, bridges, railways, roads, tunnels, dams, embankments and slopes…
/expertise/techniques/instrumentation-and-monitoring
Dry soil mixing
Technique
Dry soil mixing Dry soil mixing is a ground improvement technique that improves soft, high moisture clays, peats, and other weak soils, by mechanically mixing them with dry cementitious binder. Dry…
/expertise/techniques/dry-soil-mixing
Wick / PVDs / band drains
Technique
Wick / PVDs / band drains Wick drains, also known as Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) are prefabricated geotextile filter-wrapped plastic strips with molded channels. These act as drainage paths…
/expertise/techniques/wick-pvds-band-drains
Earthquake drains
Technique
Earthquake drains The earthquake drain ground improvement method minimises bearing capacity failures and settlement during and immediately after a seismic event.  It mitigates liquefaction by…
/expertise/techniques/earthquake-drains
Rigid inclusions
Technique
Rigid inclusions Rigid inclusions is a ground improvement method using high deformation modulus columns constructed through compressible soils to reduce settlement and increase bearing capacity.…
/expertise/techniques/rigid-inclusions
Mixed modulus columns CMM ®
Technique
Mixed modulus columns CMM ® Mixed modulus columns, also known as columns with Mixed Moduli, mixed columns or CMM® is a ground improvement method using high deformation modulus columns constructed…
/expertise/techniques/mixed-modulus-columns
Dynamic compaction
Technique
Dynamic compaction Dynamic compaction involves the controlled impact of a crane hoisted weight, of around 10-30 tonnes, falling in a pre-determined grid pattern to improve loose, granular soils and…
/expertise/techniques/dynamic-compaction
Rapid impact compaction (RIC)
Technique
Rapid impact compaction (RIC) Rapid impact compaction densifies shallow, granular soils, using a hydraulic hammer, which repeatedly strikes an impact plate on the ground surface. Rapid impact…
/expertise/techniques/rapid-impact-compaction-ric